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What is the difference between primary and secondary reverse osmosis devices for mineral water flow meters?

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1. How to make mineral water

The production of mineral water requires key processes such as water source selection, filtration treatment, sterilization and disinfection, filling and sealing, and inspection and packaging. The specific process is as follows: the water source selection and testing of mineral water should be a natural mineral water body. Enterprises need to conduct strict testing on the water source to ensure that it meets the standards of natural mineral water (which is fundamentally different from pure water and drinking water). The testing content includes mineral types and contents, microbial indicators, etc. Only water sources that have passed the testing can enter the production process. At least two filtration processes are required for the raw water after filtration treatment: primary filtration: using media such as quartz sand and activated carbon to remove suspended solids, sediment, and some substances with blue clothes in the water; Precision filtration: using ultrafiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane technology to further intercept small particles, colloids, and bacteria while retaining mineral components. This step aims to improve the clarity of water quality without altering the natural mineral properties of the water. After sterilization, disinfection, and filtration, the water needs to be treated with sterilization. Common methods include: ultraviolet sterilization: using ultraviolet light to destroy the DNA structure of microorganisms without chemical residues; Ozone sterilization: kills bacteria and viruses through the strong oxidizing properties of ozone, while decomposing some organic matter. After sterilization, microbial indicators need to be tested to ensure comp

Mineral water flowmeter
liance with national drinking water standards (such as total bacterial count ≤ 50CFU/mL). The sterilized water after filling and sealing is transported to the filling machine through pipelines, and the following operations are completed in a sterile environment: bottle cleaning: high-pressure air blowing or chemical cleaning of PET bottles to remove foreign objects inside the bottles; Quantitative filling: using flow meters or weighing systems to accurately control the filling volume; Screw cap sealing: Tighten the bottle cap with a robotic arm to ensure early opening sealing. The filling environment needs to maintain a positive pressure sterile state to avoid secondary contamination. Inspection and packaging of finished products require two quality inspections: light inspection: checking for impurities, sediment, or bottle defects inside the bottle under strong light; Centralized packaging: Plastic seal qualified products according to specifications (such as 12 bottles/box) and attach labels (including production date, shelf life, mineral content, etc.). The final product must pass random inspections (such as microbiological retesting and taste testing) before leaving the factory. Summary of key points: The core of mineral water production is to preserve natural minerals while ensuring safety through multi-stage filtration and sterilization. The entire process must strictly follow the GB 8537-2018 "Drinking Natural Mineral Water" standard, and undergo dozens of testing indicators from the water source to the finished product.

2. What is the difference between primary and secondary reverse osmosis devices?

1、 Reverse osmosis, also known as reverse osmosis, is a membrane separation operation that us

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